Frequently Asked Questions

Patwari

The Patwari is the traditional village land record keeper in Pakistan's revenue system. For generations, Patwaris have maintained land ownership records, crop registers, and property transfers. They are the custodians of land data at the village level.

Virasat

Virasat means inheritance or legacy. It encompasses what has been passed down through generations - property, land, values, and family heritage. Virasat represents the wealth and wisdom inherited from your forefathers.

Nasab

Nasab means family lineage or genealogy in Urdu/Arabic. It refers to your family tree, ancestral connections, and bloodline. Nasab represents who you are, where you come from, and how you're connected to your ancestors and relatives.

Comprehensive Record Management

What you can manage:

• Kheewats: Track all ownership records with detailed owner information
• Khasras: Maintain individual plot records with area, classification, and irrigation type
• Ownership Changes: Record inheritance, sales, gifts, and transfers
• Property Details: Store location, boundaries, DC rates, and estimated values

Personal & Family Property Management

Organize property at multiple levels:

• Your Property: Manage all land parcels you personally own
• Immediate Family: Track property owned by your spouse, children, and parents
• Extended Family: Maintain records for uncles, cousins, and relatives
• Family Tree (Nasab/Shajra): Draw and visualize your family genealogy with property ownership mapped to each family member

Ownership History & Inheritance Tracking

Document the complete ownership journey:

• Record how property was acquired (inheritance, purchase, gift)
• Track previous owners and transaction dates
• Document sale prices and buyer information
• Maintain mutation (intiqal) records
• Generate reports like "How much land did my grandfather own?"

Visual Mapping & Spatial Analysis

See your land on maps:

• View Khasra Locations: Visualize plots on interactive maps
• Draw Boundaries: Manually draw and mark your Khasra boundaries
• Neighboring Properties: See adjacent plots and their Khasra numbers
• Area Visualization: Understand the geographic layout of your holdings

Neighbor & Adjacent Property Analysis

Analyze properties around yours:

• Identify all Khasras adjacent to your property
• Find out who owns neighboring plots
• View contact information of neighboring landowners (if shared)
• Analyze property values in your area
• Useful for expansion opportunities or resolving boundary disputes

Automatic Import from Tafseeli Khasra

Quick setup with document import:

• Upload your Tafseeli Khasra documents
• Patrasab automatically extracts owner information
• Auto-populates land records including Kheewat, Khasra, and area details
• Creates user accounts for property owners
• Saves hours of manual data entry

Property Valuation & Financial Analysis

Estimate property worth:

• Calculate estimated values based on DC rates
• Get Kheewat-level total valuations
• Individual Khasra valuations
• Compare values across different Mauzas
• Track property value changes over time

Integration with Nasab (Family Tree)

Connect genealogy with property:

• Link family tree members to their property holdings
• Generate inheritance reports showing land distribution across generations
• Visualize "How much land did my grandfather own and how was it divided?"
• Plan future inheritance distributions
• Understand family wealth accumulation over time

Educate the Public

Pakistan's land system uses complex terminology that most people don't understand. Terms like Kheewat, Khasra, Khatuni, Mauza, and Tafseeli Khasra are confusing and rarely explained in simple language.

Our solution: We provide clear explanations, visual guides, and help documentation in both English and Urdu. We make land records accessible to everyone, regardless of their education level.

Simplify Complex Language

The language of land records is technical, legalistic, and intimidating. Terms are often in Urdu, English, and legal jargon mixed together. Most landowners struggle to understand their own property documents.

Our solution: We translate complex terms into everyday language. We use visual examples, real-world scenarios, and step-by-step explanations. Every technical term has a clear definition with practical examples.

Combat Land Fraud & Illegal Possession

Pakistan faces serious issues with land grabbing (qabza mafia), illegal possession, fraudulent documents, and disputed ownership. Many families lose ancestral land due to lack of proper documentation and awareness.

Our solution: We help you document and track your land ownership. When you have clear records of who owns what, when it was acquired, and from whom it was inherited, it becomes much harder for others to make false claims. Awareness is the first line of defense against land fraud.

Connect Disconnected Records

Pakistan's land records are fragmented. Each Mauza, Tehsil, and District maintains separate records with different systems. If you own land in multiple villages, you must visit multiple offices. There's no centralized way to view your complete land portfolio.

Our solution: Patrasab brings all your land records together in one place. Whether you own property in Lahore, Attock, or Karachi, you can manage everything from a single platform. We connect the disconnected, creating a unified view of your family's holdings.

Preserve Family Heritage

Families are losing their history. Elders pass away without documenting who inherited what. Property disputes arise because no one documented the inheritance chain. Future generations don't know their ancestral roots or land history.

Our solution: By combining Nasab (family trees) with land records, we help you document and preserve your family's story. Show your children: "This is the land your great-grandfather owned. This is how it was divided. This is your heritage."

Empower Communities

Land information shouldn't be locked away in dusty Patwari offices. Communities should have access to accurate, up-to-date information about land in their area.

Our solution: As a crowd-sourced platform, we believe in open data. When everyone contributes their knowledge, the entire community benefits. You can see who your neighbors are, understand property values in your area, and make informed decisions.

Family Tree Structure

Nasab visualizes your family relationships showing parents, siblings, children, grandparents, and extended family members. Each person in your Nasab can be linked to their land holdings, creating a complete picture of family wealth and inheritance.

Generational Documentation

Track your family across multiple generations: Great-grandparents → Grandparents → Parents → You → Children → Grandchildren. Document births, marriages, and property transfers through the family line.

Relationship Mapping

Nasab establishes clear family relationships including:

• Direct lineage (father, mother, children)
• Siblings and half-siblings
• Extended family (uncles, aunts, cousins)
• In-laws and spouses
• Adopted or foster relationships

Land Ownership Connection

Every person in your Nasab can be linked to their property holdings. See who owns what land, track inheritance patterns, and understand how family wealth has been distributed over time.

Family Members

Family Members refers to the individual people you add to Patrasab. Each person is a separate record with their own information.

What it includes:

• Personal details (name, CNIC, date of birth)
• Contact information
• Individual property ownership
• Basic biographical data

Think of it as: Your contact list or database of people.

Nasab (Family Tree)

Nasab is how these family members are connected to each other. It's the relationship structure that links people together across generations.

What it includes:

• Parent-child relationships
• Spousal connections
• Sibling relationships
• Multi-generational lineage
• Visual family tree representation

Think of it as: The map showing how everyone is related.

Country

Pakistan - The entire nation, which encompasses all land records and revenue systems across the country.

Province

Pakistan is divided into provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Balochistan, Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), Gilgit-Baltistan, and Azad Jammu & Kashmir.

Each province has its own revenue authority and land administration system.

Example: Punjab, Sindh

Division

Provinces are divided into administrative divisions for governance purposes. A Division oversees multiple districts.

Example: Rawalpindi Division, Lahore Division, Multan Division

District

A District is the primary administrative unit under a Division. Each district has its own Deputy Commissioner (DC) who oversees revenue collection and land administration.

The DC Rate (property valuation rate) is set at the district level.

Example: Attock District, Lahore District, Karachi District

Tehsil

Districts are subdivided into Tehsils. A Tehsil is the key administrative unit for land records, headed by a Tehsildar. Most revenue offices (Tehsil Municipal Administration) operate at this level.

When you need official land documents, you typically visit the Tehsil office.

Example: Hazro Tehsil (in Attock District), Cantt Tehsil (in Lahore)

Qanoongoi

A Qanoongoi is a grouping of several Mauzas (villages) under one revenue jurisdiction. It's an administrative cluster that helps organize land records for nearby villages.

Multiple Mauzas belong to one Qanoongoi, and multiple Qanoongois form a Tehsil.

Example: One Qanoongoi might include 5-10 neighboring villages

Halqa Patwari

A Halqa Patwari is the area assigned to one Patwari (village record keeper). One Patwari may be responsible for maintaining land records of one or more Mauzas.

This is the operational unit where the Patwari actually works and maintains records.

Example: A Patwari might manage records for 2-3 small villages

Mauza

A Mauza is a revenue village or the smallest geographic land unit. This is where actual land records (Kheewats, Khasras) are maintained.

Every piece of land belongs to a specific Mauza. All land ownership is tracked at the Mauza level.

Example: Shams Abad (Mauza), Tajak (Mauza)

Kheewat

Owner-based record. A unique identification number assigned to landowner(s) within a Mauza. All plots owned by the same person/people in one Mauza are grouped under one Kheewat number.

Think of it as: Your "owner ID" for a specific village.

Example: Kheewat No. 156 - Muhammad Ashraf owns 3 plots in Shams Abad

Khasra

Plot-based record. A unique survey number assigned to each individual piece of land within a Mauza. Every plot, no matter how small, has its own Khasra number.

Think of it as: The "plot number" or "address" of your land.

Each Khasra record contains: area (K-M-F), boundaries, classification, irrigation type, and ownership details.

Example: Khasra No. 234 - A specific 10 Kanal plot in the village

Khatuni

Cultivator-based record. Identifies who is actually farming/cultivating the land, which may be different from the owner.

Think of it as: The "farmer ID" - who's working the land.

Important for tenancy arrangements, leases, and sharecropping. Recorded during Girdawari (crop inspection).

Example: Khatuni No. 89 - Ali Hassan cultivates land owned by someone else

Jamabandi

Consolidated revenue record. Also called "Fard Jamabandi," it's a comprehensive register that compiles all land information for a Mauza, including ownership, cultivation, crops, and revenue.

Think of it as: The "master ledger" of all land in the village.

Updated annually and contains: Kheewat, Khasra, owner names, cultivator names, area, land classification, crops grown, and revenue due.

This is the main document you request when getting official land records

Charsala

Four-year crop register. A historical record that documents crop patterns and cultivation over four agricultural years (two Rabi and two Kharif seasons).

Think of it as: The "agricultural history" of your land.

Shows what crops were grown, by whom, and when. Useful for agricultural loans, crop insurance, and verifying cultivation patterns.

Example: Shows that wheat was grown in 2020, 2021; sugarcane in 2022, 2023

Geographic Unit

A Mauza is typically a village or a distinct area within a larger administrative division. Each Mauza has defined boundaries and contains multiple plots of land (Khasras).

Administrative Hierarchy

Mauza sits within the revenue hierarchy: Province → Division → District → Tehsil → Mauza → Khasra (individual plot). All land records are maintained at the Mauza level.

Land Record Management

Each Mauza has its own complete set of land records including:

• Kheewat numbers (owner records)
• Khasra numbers (plot identification)
• Khatuni numbers (cultivator records)
• Fard Jamabandi (revenue registers)

Unique Identification

Every Mauza has a unique name and number within its Tehsil. The same land owner can have different Kheewat numbers in different Mauzas.

Owner-Based System

All plots (or khasras) owned by the same person/people in one village share one Kheewat number.

Village Specific

Kheewat numbers are specific to each village (mauza). If you own land in multiple villages, you'll have different Kheewat numbers for each.

Where to Find It

• Fard Jamabandi
• Fard Malkiat
• Registry/Sale deed documents
• Patwari or Revenue Office records

Plot Identification

Each plot of land, no matter how small or large, is given a unique Khasra number. This number identifies the exact physical location of the land on the ground.

Survey-Based System

Khasra numbers are assigned during land surveys and are marked on survey maps (Shajra). These numbers remain permanent and help identify boundaries between adjacent plots.

Contains Detailed Information

Each Khasra record includes:

• Plot number and area (in Kanal-Marla-Feet)
• Owner's name and Kheewat number
• Land classification (Aabi, Chahi, etc.)
• Current cultivation details
• Boundaries (neighboring Khasra numbers)

Can Change Ownership

While the Khasra number stays the same, the owner (Kheewat) can change through sale, inheritance, or gift. The plot number remains constant regardless of ownership changes.

Cultivator-Based System

While Kheewat identifies the owner, Khatuni identifies the cultivator (the person who is actually farming the land). One person can be both owner and cultivator, or they can be different people.

Tenancy Arrangements

Common scenarios where Khatuni differs from Kheewat:

• Lease/Rent: Owner leases land to tenant farmer
• Sharecropping: Cultivator shares crops with owner
• Contract farming: Temporary cultivation rights
• Self-cultivation: Owner farms their own land (same Kheewat & Khatuni)

Recorded in Girdawari

Khatuni information is updated during the bi-annual Girdawari (crop inspection) conducted by the Patwari. This records who is cultivating what crops on each Khasra.

Legal Importance

Khatuni records are important for:

• Agricultural loan applications
• Crop insurance claims
• Subsidy distribution
• Tenancy disputes

Government Valuation

The Deputy Commissioner (DC) of each district publishes official rates for land in different areas. These rates represent the minimum value at which property must be registered for tax purposes.

Used for Tax Calculation

DC Rates are used to calculate:

• Stamp Duty: Tax on property transfer documents
• Registration Fee: Fee for registering property in buyer's name
• Capital Gains Tax: Tax on profit from property sale
• Withholding Tax: Advance tax deducted at source

Location-Based Rates

DC Rates vary significantly based on:

• Location: Urban vs rural, tehsil, mauza
• Road Access: Main road, link road, or off-road
• Land Type: Residential, commercial, or agricultural
• Development: Developed vs undeveloped areas

Market Value vs DC Rate

Important: DC Rate is usually lower than actual market value. Properties typically sell for 2-3 times the DC Rate or more, depending on the area.

Regular Updates

DC Rates are typically updated annually or bi-annually by the district administration. Check the latest notification from your district's revenue department for current rates.

Location Categories

Properties are often classified by road access for DC Rate purposes:

Comprehensive Land Document

While a regular Khasra number simply identifies a plot, Tafseeli Khasra provides the full story of that land - who owns it, how big it is, what type of land it is, how it's irrigated, what's being grown, and its complete history.

Think of it as: A complete biography of your land plot.

What Information Does It Contain?

Tafseeli Khasra includes detailed information about each plot:

Legal Importance

Tafseeli Khasra is an official government document that serves as legal proof of:

• Land ownership and ownership shares
• Property boundaries and size
• Land classification and usage rights
• Cultivation status and tenant rights

It's essential for property transactions, inheritance cases, agricultural loans, and legal disputes.

Difference from Other Documents

When is it Updated?

Tafseeli Khasra is updated:

• Annually: During the annual Jamabandi (revenue settlement)
• After Mutations: When ownership changes through sale, inheritance, or gift
• During Girdawari: When crop inspections reveal changes in cultivation
• Upon Request: When corrections or updates are officially requested

Where to Get Tafseeli Khasra?

You can obtain Tafseeli Khasra from:

Required Information: You need to provide the Mauza name, Tehsil, District, and either Kheewat or Khasra number.

Associated Fees

There may be nominal fees for obtaining Tafseeli Khasra documents, varying by province and whether you get it from the Patwari or official revenue office. Digital copies from online portals are often free or low-cost.

Shared Ownership

When multiple people jointly own land within the same Kheewat, their ownership is expressed as shares or fractions. This is called Khanaqi, meaning "by shares" or "fractional."

Think of it as: Dividing a pie into slices - each co-owner gets a specific portion of the total land.

Co-Ownership Structure

Khanaqi Taqseem occurs when:

• Inheritance: Land is divided among multiple heirs (children, siblings) but hasn't been physically partitioned yet
• Joint Purchase: Multiple people buy property together
• Family Property: Ancestral land owned collectively by family members
• Partnership: Business partners or relatives co-own agricultural land

How Shares are Expressed

Ownership shares in Khanaqi Taqseem are typically shown as fractions:

Islamic Inheritance (Sharia)

Khanaqi Taqseem often follows Islamic inheritance laws, which specify exact shares for different relatives:

Note: Actual shares depend on specific family circumstances and are determined by religious scholars or courts.

Physical vs. Fractional Division

It's important to understand the difference:

How It Appears in Records

In Tafseeli Khasra and land documents, Khanaqi ownership looks like this:

Scenario: Father's Land After Death

Original Ownership:

Abdul Rahman owned Kheewat No. 45 with 40 Kanal land

After Inheritance (Khanaqi Taqseem):

Important: They all jointly own the same 40 Kanal. The land is NOT physically divided into separate plots. Each heir has a fractional ownership right.

Why Draw Khasra Boundaries?

Mapping your Khasra provides several benefits:

• Visual Reference: See exactly where your land is located
• Identify Neighbors: Understand which Khasras are adjacent to yours
• Property Planning: Plan development or cultivation based on actual geography
• Dispute Prevention: Clear visual boundaries help avoid encroachment issues
• Family Understanding: Help relatives understand the property layout

Step-by-Step Guide

Editing Existing Boundaries

If you need to modify a boundary you've already drawn:

• Click the "Edit" tool (pencil icon)
• Select the shape you want to modify
• Drag corner points to new positions
• Add new points by clicking on the boundary line
• Remove points by clicking on them while in edit mode
• Click "Save" when done

Deleting a Boundary

To remove a drawn boundary:

• Click the "Delete" tool (trash icon)
• Click on the shape you want to remove
• Confirm the deletion
• The boundary will be removed from the map

Drawing Tips for Accuracy

Drawing on Mobile

You can draw boundaries on mobile devices too:

• Tap the drawing tool icon
• Tap on the map to place corner points
• Use pinch-to-zoom for precision
• Tap the first point again to close the shape
• Long-press and drag to move points